ABSTRACT
A total of 12 adult buffaloes were presented for the necropsy over the period of 6 months at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh. Prevalence of Gigantocotyle spp. parasite infection was found to be 16.67% (2/12). Significant number of parasites was found in the bile duct and ductules of the infected liver along with the necrotic debris caused by parasite. Other gross lesions observed were included hepatitis, haemorrhages and fibrosis of the liver. Black color hard nodules at the site of mucosal attachment of parasites were noticed. Microscopic changes observed were included bile duct hyperplasia, haemorrhages, moderate fibrosis and granulomatous nodule characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding should include all abnormalities of menstruation like hypermenorrhea as well as hypomenorrhea. Abnormal bleeding is synonymous only with excessive menstruation. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common conditions for which women consult their gynaecologists. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study done in Dhiraj Hospital over a period of six month on patients presenting with AUB. Patients were selected based on clinical details. The study material included a total no. of 60 patients which were inclusive of endometrial samples. Patients with isolated endometrial causes of abnormal uterine bleeding were included for this study and those with pregnancy, profusely bleeding per vaginum, anemic patients were excluded. All specimens were transported in 10% formalin to the pathology laboratory. The gross morphology was recorded. Microscopic examination was done by two pathologist so as to reduce inter observer findings. The data collected for this study was statistically analyzed using chi-square test.